Shared Inputs
No Conversion
Convert $50K/yr @ 62
Fill 22% Bracket @ 62
Lifetime Summary
No Conversion
Total Lifetime Tax
$293,916
Federal + state · all income sources
Total Lifetime RMDs
$2,093,137
IRA Balance at Life Exp.
$2,519,996
Trad. IRA + Roth · excl. brokerage
Total Assets at Life Exp.
$8,783,621
Trad. IRA + Roth + brokerage
After-Tax Equiv. Wealth
$8,541,066
Total assets − ~$242,555 est. tax in Trad. IRA
Peak IRMAA Surcharge
None
Convert $50K/yr @ 62
Total Lifetime Tax
$233,502
Federal + state · all income sources
Total Lifetime RMDs
$1,370,967
IRA Balance at Life Exp.
$3,543,223
Trad. IRA + Roth · excl. brokerage
Total Assets at Life Exp.
$8,749,300
Trad. IRA + Roth + brokerage
After-Tax Equiv. Wealth
$8,590,431
Total assets − ~$158,869 est. tax in Trad. IRA
Peak IRMAA Surcharge
None
Fill 22% Bracket @ 62
Total Lifetime Tax
$344,400
Federal + state · all income sources
Total Lifetime RMDs
$0
IRA Balance at Life Exp.
$5,485,716
Trad. IRA + Roth · excl. brokerage
Total Assets at Life Exp.
$8,058,544
Trad. IRA + Roth + brokerage
After-Tax Equiv. Wealth
$8,058,544
Total assets − ~$0 est. tax in Trad. IRA
Peak IRMAA Surcharge
Tier 1 (+$2,504/yr)
Optimal
Flat $25,000/yr · ages 65–75
Total Lifetime Tax
$245,503
Federal + state · all income sources
Total Lifetime RMDs
$1,783,358
IRA Balance at Life Exp.
$2,958,249
Trad. IRA + Roth · excl. brokerage
Total Assets at Life Exp.
$8,847,254
Trad. IRA + Roth + brokerage
After-Tax Equiv. Wealth
$8,640,713
Total assets − ~$206,541 est. tax in Trad. IRA
Peak IRMAA Surcharge
None
Projections
After-Tax Equivalent Wealth at Life Expectancy
Total assets (Trad. IRA + Roth + Brokerage) minus the estimated federal tax still owed on the Traditional IRA balance. Roth and brokerage are already after-tax. This is the apples-to-apples comparison — a large Traditional IRA looks bigger on paper, but much of it belongs to the IRS.
IRA Balance at Life Expectancy
Traditional IRA + Roth only · excludes brokerage
Total Lifetime Tax
Federal + state on all income · excludes taxes on IRA expense drawdowns (approximation)
Total Net Worth Over Time
Traditional IRA + Roth IRA + Brokerage · watch for the Optimal scenario crossover point
Traditional IRA Balance
Roth IRA Balance
Annual Federal Tax
Annual RMD
Return Rate Sensitivity — After-Tax Equivalent Wealth at Life Expectancy
Each group shows all scenarios at that return environment. In low-return environments, Roth conversions provide less benefit — the IRA grows less, so RMDs are smaller and the tax deferral advantage shrinks. Scenario rankings that hold across all three environments are more robust.
Not investment or tax advice. Projections are estimates based on user-provided inputs and simplified modeling assumptions. They are not guarantees of future results and do not account for your complete financial situation, tax circumstances, or individual goals. Tax laws, bracket thresholds, RMD rules, IRMAA tiers, and state tax rates change over time; this model uses 2024 baseline values inflated forward. Consult a qualified financial advisor or tax professional before making any conversion decisions. © 2026 Horyzen LLC.